The credit of inventing the gramophone record goes to Thomas Edison, the famous American scientist.
Edison, in 1877, noticed that a small disc inside a telephone receiver vibrated when the person at the other end of the line spoke. He then thought of attaching a tiny needle to the centre of the disc. The movement or force of the needle could tell him the amount of sound that was being sent out.
After many experiments he made a “phonograph or speaking machine” which had a cylinder covered with tin foil and turned with a hand crank.
In 1895, Emile Berliner brought the first gramophone record in the market. This was a disc instead of ea cylinder, made of Zinc coated with wax. To engrave the human voice, a needle was used which vibrated when a sound was made. It scratched a wiggly pattern in the wax. The record was then put into acid, which ate into the zinc where the needle had made a pattern. When another needle moved from the same path, the same voice was reproduced.